Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.
-Plato
A human being is a part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feeling as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty.
-Albert Einstein
We are all different. Don’t judge, understand instead.
-Roy T. Bennett, The Light in the Heart
Deserves it! I daresay he does. Many that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eager to deal out death in judgement. For even the very wise cannot see all ends.
-J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings, #1)
More smiling, less worrying. More compassion, less judgment. More blessed, less stressed. More love, less hate.
-Roy T. Bennett, The Light in the Heart
When a new day begins, dare to smile gratefully.
When there is darkness, dare to be the first to shine a light.
When there is injustice, dare to be the first to condemn it.
When something seems difficult, dare to do it anyway.
When life seems to beat you down, dare to fight back.
When there seems to be no hope, dare to find some.
When you’re feeling tired, dare to keep going.
When times are tough, dare to be tougher.
When love hurts you, dare to love again.
When someone is hurting, dare to help them heal.
When another is lost, dare to help them find the way.
When a friend falls, dare to be the first to extend a hand.
When you cross paths with another, dare to make them smile.
When you feel great, dare to help someone else feel great too.
When the day has ended, dare to feel as you’ve done your best.
Dare to be the best you can –
At all times, Dare to be!
-Steve Maraboli, Life, the Truth, and Being Free
All I ever wanted was to reach out and touch another human being not just with my hands but with my heart.
-Tahereh Mafi, Shatter Me (Shatter Me, #1)
One love, one heart, one destiny.
-Robert Marley
Compassion is the basis of morality.
-Arthur Schopenhauer
No one has ever become poor by giving.
-Anne Frank, diary of Anne Frank: the play
For me, I am driven by two main philosophies: know more today about the world than I knew yesterday and lessen the suffering of others. You’d be surprised how far that gets you.
-Neil deGrasse Tyson
If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other.
-Mother Teresa
for there is nothing heavier than compassion. Not even one’s own pain weighs so heavy as the pain one feels with someone, for someone, a pain intensified by the imagination and prolonged by a hundred echoes.
-Milan Kundera, The Unbearable Lightness of Being
How would your life be different if…You stopped making negative judgmental assumptions about people you encounter? Let today be the day…You look for the good in everyone you meet and respect their journey.
-Steve Maraboli, Life, the Truth, and Being Free
“Compassion and tolerance are not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength.”
– Dalai Lama.
“One can overcome the forces of negative emotions, like anger and hatred, by cultivating their counter forces, like love and compassion.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Compassion is the radicalism of our time.”
Best Quotes On Compassion That Will Open Your Heart
– Dalai Lama.
“Only the development of compassion and understanding for others can bring us the tranquility and happiness we all seek.”
– Dalai Lama.
“The whole purpose of religion is to facilitate love and compassion, patience, tolerance, humility, and forgiveness.”
– Dalai Lama.
“If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Our prime purpose in this life is to help others. And if you can’t help them, at least don’t hurt them.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Whether one believes in a religion or not, and whether one believes in rebirth or not, there isn’t anyone who doesn’t appreciate kindness and compassion.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them humanity cannot survive.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Compassion is the desire that moves the individual self to widen the scope of its self-concern to embrace the whole of the universal self.”
– Arnold Toynbee.
“Make no judgments where you have no compassion.”
“Compassion and tolerance are not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength.”
– Dalai Lama.
“One can overcome the forces of negative emotions, like anger and hatred, by cultivating their counter forces, like love and compassion.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Compassion is the radicalism of our time.”
“Only the development of compassion and understanding for others can bring us the tranquility and happiness we all seek.”
– Dalai Lama.
“The whole purpose of religion is to facilitate love and compassion, patience, tolerance, humility, and forgiveness.”
– Dalai Lama.
“If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Our prime purpose in this life is to help others. And if you can’t help them, at least don’t hurt them.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Whether one believes in a religion or not, and whether one believes in rebirth or not, there isn’t anyone who doesn’t appreciate kindness and compassion.”
– Dalai Lama.
“Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them humanity cannot survive.”
– Dalai Lama
“Compassion is the desire that moves the individual self to widen the scope of its self-concern to embrace the whole of the universal self.”
– Arnold Toynbee.
“Make no judgments where you have no compassion.”
“A kind gesture can reach a wound that only compassion can heal.” Steve Maraboli
“Compassion and tolerance are not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength.” Dalai Lama
“There is a nobility in compassion, a beauty in empathy, a grace in forgiveness.” John Connolly
“Compassion is about giving all the love that you’ve got.” Cheryl Strayed
“If you want to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.” Dalai Lama
“Until you have real compassion, you can not recognize love.” Bob Thurman
“Look for a way to lift someone up. And if that’s all you do, that’s enough.” Elizabeth Lesser
“Use your voice for kindness, your ears for compassion, your hands for charity, your mind for truth, and your heart for love.” Anonymous
“Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.” Dalai Lama
“Compassion is an action word with no boundaries.” Prince
“Instead of putting others in their place, put yourself in their place.” Amish Proverb
“Compassion is passion with a heart.” Anonymous
“Compassion is at the heart of every little thing we do. It is the dearest quality we possess. Yet all too often it can be cast aside with consequences too tragic to speak of. To lose our compassion, we lose what it is to be human.” Anonymous
“That is what compassion does. It challenges our assumptions, our sense of self-limitation, worthlessness, of not having a place in the world. As we develop compassion, our hearts open.” Sharon Salzberg
“Let our hearts be stretched out in compassion toward others, for everyone is walking his or her own difficult path.” Dieter F. Uchtdorf
“Compassion is the keen awareness of the interdependence of all things.” Thomas Merton
“It is a lack of love for ourselves that inhibits our compassion toward others. If we make friends with ourselves, then there is no obstacle to opening our hearts and minds to others.” Anonymous
“Serve and show compassion and the will to help others.” Albert Schweitzer
“Our sorrows and wounds are healed only when we touch them with compassion.” Jack Kornfield
“Compassion is to look beyond your own pain, to see the pain of others.” Yasmin Mogahed
“Compassion is the greatest form of love humans have to offer.” Rachael Joy Scott
“Compassion for others begins with kindness to ourselves.” Pema Chodron
“There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and compassionate.” Robert Frost
“Our task must be to free ourselves by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature and its beauty.” Albert Einstein
“One of the secrets of inner peace is the practice of compassion.” Dalai Lama
“Clothe yourself with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience.” Anonymous
“If your compassion does not include yourself, it is incomplete.” Anonymous
“Compassion is so often the solution.” Anonymous
“In compassion, when we feel with the other, we dethrone ourselves from the center of our world and we put another person there.” Karen Armstrong
“May your daily choices be a reflection of your deepest values.” Coleen Patrick-Goudreau
“Compassion is a verb.” Thich Nhat Hanh
“Great teachers emanate out of knowledge, passion, and compassion.” A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
“When we give ourselves compassion, we are opening our hearts in a way that can transform our lives.” Kristin Neff
“Compassion is the wish to see others free from suffering.” Dalai Lama
“It is not enough to be compassionate. You must act.” Dalai Lama
“If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.”
– Dalai Lama
“Give Compassion: Every day the average person fights epic battles never told just to survive.”
– Ken Poirot
“We must learn to regard people less in the light of what they do or omit to do, and more in the light of what they suffer.”
– Dietrich Bonhoeffer
“The highest form of knowledge is empathy.”
– Bill Bullard
“Compassion is a passion with a heart.”
– Unknown
“Compassion is at the heart of every little thing we do. It is the dearest quality we possess. Yet all too often it can be cast aside with consequences too tragic to speak of. To lose our compassion, we lose what it is to be human.”
– Unknown
“Compassion is the greatest form of love humans have to offer.”
– Rachael Joy Scott
“I love this life and even if to be taken from me, I will love that you have yours. Cherish all life, for life, is worth cherishing.”
– Tom Althouse
“Love and compassion are the true religions to me. But to develop this, we do not need to believe in any religion.”
– Dalai Lama
“Until you have real compassion, you cannot recognize love.”
– Bob Thurman
“We can’t heal the world today but we can begin with a voice of compassion, a heart of love, an act of kindness.”
– Mary Davis
“There is no such thing as tough love. Love is kind, love is compassionate, love is tender.”
– Heather Wolf
“There is no exercise better for the heart than reaching down and lifting people up.”
– John Holmes
“Sometimes it takes only one act of kindness and caring to change a person’s life.
– Jackie Chan
“Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.”
– Plato
“Carry out a random act of kindness, with no expectation of reward, safe in the knowledge that one day someone might do the same for you.”
– Princess Diana
“There is no small act of kindness. Every compassionate act makes large the world.”
– Mary Anne Radmacher
“Too often we underestimate the power of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment, or the smallest act of caring, all of which have the potential to turn a life around.”
– Leo Buscaglia
“Kindness begins with the understanding that we all struggle.”
– Charles Glassman
“Whether one believes in a religion or not, and whether one believes in rebirth or not, there isn’t anyone who doesn’t appreciate kindness and compassion.”
– Dalai Lama
“A kind and compassionate act is often its own reward.”
– William John Bennett
“Use your voice for kindness, your ears for compassion, your hands for charity, your mind for truth, and your heart for love.”
– Unknown
“Unexpected kindness is the most powerful, least costly, and most underrated agent of human change.”
– Bob Kerrey
“A kind gesture can reach a wound that only compassion can heal.”
– Steve Maraboli
“In compassion, when we feel with the other, we dethrone ourselves from the center of our world and we put another person there.”
– Karen Armstrong
“Empathy is really the opposite of spiritual meanness. It’s the capacity to understand that every war is both won and lost. And that someone else’s pain is as meaningful as your own.”
– Barbara Kingsolver
“Empathy is a connection; it’s a ladder out of the shame hole.”
– Brené Brown
“Compassion is the wish to see others free from suffering.”
– Dalai Lama
“Let our hearts be stretched out in compassion toward others, for everyone is walking his or her own difficult path.”
– Dieter F. Uchtdorf
“We are all different. Don’t judge, understand instead.”
– Roy T. Bennett
“More smiling, less worrying. More compassion, less judgment. More blessed, less stressed. More love, less hate.”
– Roy T. Bennett
“No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted.”
– Aesop
“There is a nobility in compassion, a beauty in empathy, a grace in forgiveness.”
– John Connolly
“Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates love.”
– Lao Tzu
“When we match compassion with purpose, we being to conquer the world.”
– Zachariah Thompson
“There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and compassionate.”
– Bishop Robert South
“When we’re looking for compassion, we need someone who is deeply rooted, is able to bend and, most of all, embraces us for our strengths and struggles.”
– Brené Brown
“Wisdom, compassion, and courage are the three universally recognized moral qualities of men.”
– Confucius
“Compassion for others begins with kindness to ourselves.”
– Pema Chodron
“Life is an exciting business, and most exciting when it is lived for others.”
– Helen Keller
“When we give cheerfully and accept gratefully, everyone is blessed.”
– Maya Angelou
“The individual is capable of both great compassion and great indifference. He has it within his means to nourish the former and outgrow the latter.”
– Norman Cousinsnone
“Humanity’s collective mission in the cosmos lies in the practice of compassion.”
– Dalsaku Ikeda
“Compassion is about giving all the love that you’ve got.”
– Cheryl Strayed
“Look for a way to lift someone up. And if that’s all you do, that’s enough.”
– Elizabeth Lesser
“True compassion means not only feeling another’s pain but also being moved to help relieve it.”
– Daniel Goleman
“With compassion one becomes courageous. Compassion brings triumph when attacked; it brings security when maintained.”
– Tao Te Ching
“Have compassion for all beings, rich and poor alike; each has their suffering. Some suffer too much, others too little.”
– Buddha
“Compassion will cure more sins than condemnation.”
– Henry Ward Beecher
“Use your voice for kindness, your ears for compassion, your hands for charity, your mind for truth, and your heart for love.”
– Unknown
“Out of compassion, I destroy the darkness of their ignorance. From within them I light the lamp of wisdom and dispel all darkness from their lives.”
– Bhagavad Gita
Self Compassion Quotes
“Having compassion for yourself means that you honor and accept your humanness.”
– Kristen Neff
“Compassion and tolerance are not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength.”
– Dalai Lama
“And as I’ve gotten older, I’ve had more of a tendency to look for people who live by kindness, tolerance, compassion, a gentler way of looking at things.”
– Martin Scorsese
“Taking time to relax every day, spending quality time with friends, and practicing mindfulness are some of the tried and tested ways of developing self-compassion.”
– Dr. Prem Jagyasi
“When we give ourselves compassion, we are opening our hearts in a way that can transform our lives.”
– Kristin Neff
“It is a lack of love for ourselves that inhibits our compassion toward others. If we make friends with ourselves, then there is no obstacle to opening our hearts and minds to others.”
– Unknown
“Our sorrows and wounds are healed only when we touch them with compassion.”
– Jack Kornfield
“Having compassion starts and ends with having compassion for all those unwanted parts of ourselves.”
– Pema Chodron
“Self-compassion is like a muscle. The more we practice flexing it, especially when life doesn’t go exactly according to plan (a frequent scenario for most of us), the stronger and more resilient our compassion muscle becomes.”
– Sharon Salzberg
“Drop the people who do not value you, respect you. Life has infinite horizons. Accept yourself, love yourself, and move forward.”
– Amit Ray
“For us to feel good emotionally, we have to look after ourselves.”
– Sam Owen
“My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style.”
– Maya Angelou
“If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion.”
– Dalai Lama
“Give Compassion: Every day the average person fights epic battles never told just to survive.”
– Ken Poirot
“We must learn to regard people less in the light of what they do or omit to do, and more in the light of what they suffer.”
– Dietrich Bonhoeffer
“The highest form of knowledge is empathy.”
– Bill Bullard
“Compassion is a passion with a heart.”
– Unknown
“Compassion is at the heart of every little thing we do. It is the dearest quality we possess. Yet all too often it can be cast aside with consequences too tragic to speak of. To lose our compassion, we lose what it is to be human.”
– Unknown
“Compassion is the greatest form of love humans have to offer.”
– Rachael Joy Scott
“I love this life and even if to be taken from me, I will love that you have yours. Cherish all life, for life, is worth cherishing.”
– Tom Althouse
“Love and compassion are the true religions to me. But to develop this, we do not need to believe in any religion.”
– Dalai Lama
“Until you have real compassion, you cannot recognize love.”
– Bob Thurman
“We can’t heal the world today but we can begin with a voice of compassion, a heart of love, an act of kindness.”
– Mary Davis
“There is no such thing as tough love. Love is kind, love is compassionate, love is tender.”
– Heather Wolf
“There is no exercise better for the heart than reaching down and lifting people up.”
– John Holmes
“Sometimes it takes only one act of kindness and caring to change a person’s life.
– Jackie Chan
“Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.”
– Plato
“Carry out a random act of kindness, with no expectation of reward, safe in the knowledge that one day someone might do the same for you.”
– Princess Diana
“There is no small act of kindness. Every compassionate act makes large the world.”
– Mary Anne Radmacher
“Too often we underestimate the power of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment, or the smallest act of caring, all of which have the potential to turn a life around.”
– Leo Buscaglia
“Kindness begins with the understanding that we all struggle.”
– Charles Glassman
“Whether one believes in a religion or not, and whether one believes in rebirth or not, there isn’t anyone who doesn’t appreciate kindness and compassion.”
– Dalai Lama
“A kind and compassionate act is often its own reward.”
– William John Bennett
“Use your voice for kindness, your ears for compassion, your hands for charity, your mind for truth, and your heart for love.”
– Unknown
“Unexpected kindness is the most powerful, least costly, and most underrated agent of human change.”
– Bob Kerrey
“A kind gesture can reach a wound that only compassion can heal.”
– Steve Maraboli
“In compassion, when we feel with the other, we dethrone ourselves from the center of our world and we put another person there.”
– Karen Armstrong
“Empathy is really the opposite of spiritual meanness. It’s the capacity to understand that every war is both won and lost. And that someone else’s pain is as meaningful as your own.”
– Barbara Kingsolver
“Empathy is a connection; it’s a ladder out of the shame hole.”
– Brené Brown
“Compassion is the wish to see others free from suffering.”
– Dalai Lama
“Let our hearts be stretched out in compassion toward others, for everyone is walking his or her own difficult path.”
– Dieter F. Uchtdorf
“We are all different. Don’t judge, understand instead.”
– Roy T. Bennett
“More smiling, less worrying. More compassion, less judgment. More blessed, less stressed. More love, less hate.”
– Roy T. Bennett
“No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted.”
– Aesop
“There is a nobility in compassion, a beauty in empathy, a grace in forgiveness.”
– John Connolly
“Kindness in words creates confidence. Kindness in thinking creates profoundness. Kindness in giving creates love.”
– Lao Tzu
“When we match compassion with purpose, we being to conquer the world.”
– Zachariah Thompson
“There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and compassionate.”
– Bishop Robert South
“When we’re looking for compassion, we need someone who is deeply rooted, is able to bend and, most of all, embraces us for our strengths and struggles.”
– Brené Brown
“Wisdom, compassion, and courage are the three universally recognized moral qualities of men.”
– Confucius
“Compassion for others begins with kindness to ourselves.”
– Pema Chodron
“Life is an exciting business, and most exciting when it is lived for others.”
– Helen Keller
“When we give cheerfully and accept gratefully, everyone is blessed.”
– Maya Angelou
“The individual is capable of both great compassion and great indifference. He has it within his means to nourish the former and outgrow the latter.”
– Norman Cousinsnone
“Humanity’s collective mission in the cosmos lies in the practice of compassion.”
– Dalsaku Ikeda
“Compassion is about giving all the love that you’ve got.”
– Cheryl Strayed
“Look for a way to lift someone up. And if that’s all you do, that’s enough.”
– Elizabeth Lesser
“True compassion means not only feeling another’s pain but also being moved to help relieve it.”
– Daniel Goleman
“With compassion one becomes courageous. Compassion brings triumph when attacked; it brings security when maintained.”
– Tao Te Ching
“Have compassion for all beings, rich and poor alike; each has their suffering. Some suffer too much, others too little.”
– Buddha
“Compassion will cure more sins than condemnation.”
– Henry Ward Beecher
“Use your voice for kindness, your ears for compassion, your hands for charity, your mind for truth, and your heart for love.”
– Unknown
“Out of compassion, I destroy the darkness of their ignorance. From within them I light the lamp of wisdom and dispel all darkness from their lives.”
– Bhagavad Gita
Self Compassion Quotes
“Having compassion for yourself means that you honor and accept your humanness.”
– Kristen Neff
“Compassion and tolerance are not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength.”
– Dalai Lama
“And as I’ve gotten older, I’ve had more of a tendency to look for people who live by kindness, tolerance, compassion, a gentler way of looking at things.”
– Martin Scorsese
“Taking time to relax every day, spending quality time with friends, and practicing mindfulness are some of the tried and tested ways of developing self-compassion.”
– Dr. Prem Jagyasi
“When we give ourselves compassion, we are opening our hearts in a way that can transform our lives.”
– Kristin Neff
“It is a lack of love for ourselves that inhibits our compassion toward others. If we make friends with ourselves, then there is no obstacle to opening our hearts and minds to others.”
– Unknown
“Our sorrows and wounds are healed only when we touch them with compassion.”
– Jack Kornfield
“Having compassion starts and ends with having compassion for all those unwanted parts of ourselves.”
– Pema Chodron
“Self-compassion is like a muscle. The more we practice flexing it, especially when life doesn’t go exactly according to plan (a frequent scenario for most of us), the stronger and more resilient our compassion muscle becomes.”
– Sharon Salzberg
“Drop the people who do not value you, respect you. Life has infinite horizons. Accept yourself, love yourself, and move forward.”
– Amit Ray
“For us to feel good emotionally, we have to look after ourselves.”
– Sam Owen
“My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style.”
– Maya Angelou
“A stranger’s compassion can make a world of difference,” Oprah Winfrey wrote in “The Life You Want” Planner.
“We are all different. Don’t judge, understand instead,” Bennett wrote in his book The Light in the Heart.
“More smiling, less worrying. More compassion, less judgment. More blessed, less stressed. More love, less hate,” Bennett wrote in The Light in the Heart.
“Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive,” the Dalai Lama wrote in The Art of Happiness.
“If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion,” the Dalai Lama wrote in The Art of Happiness.
“I have no idea what’s awaiting me, or what will happen when this all ends. For the moment I know this: There are sick people and they need curing,” Camus wrote in The Plague.
“A kind gesture can reach a wound that only compassion can heal,” Maraboli wrote in Life, the Truth, and Being Free.
“The assumption that animals are without rights and the illusion that our treatment of them has no moral significance is a positively outrageous example of Western crudity and barbarity. Universal compassion is the only guarantee of morality,” Schopenhauer wrote in On the Basis of Moralit”
“Compassion is not a relationship between the healer and the wounded. It’s a relationship between equals. Only when we know our own darkness well can we be present with the darkness of others. Compassion becomes real when we recognize our shared humanity,” Chödrön wrote in The Places That Scare You: A Guide to Fearlessness in Difficult Times.
In Self-Compassion: The Proven Power of Being Kind to Yourself Neff wrote: “Compassion is, by definition, relational. Compassion literally means ‘to suffer with,’ which implies a basic mutuality in the experience of suffering. The emotion of compassion springs from the recognition that the human experience is imperfect.”
Mother Teresa wrote: “I would rather make mistakes in kindness and compassion than work miracles in unkindness and hardness,” in A Gift for God: Prayers and Meditations.
“It only takes a split second to smile and forget, yet to someone that needed it, it can last a lifetime,” Maraboli wrote in Life, the Truth, and Being Free.
Ray wrote: “Compassion is all inclusive. Compassion knows no boundaries. Compassion comes with awareness, and awareness breaks all narrow territories,” in Nonviolence: The Transforming Power.
Sontag wrote “Compassion is an unstable emotion. It needs to be translated into action, or it withers,” in Regarding the Pain of Others.
“We have to make mistakes; it’s how we learn compassion for others,” Sittenfeld wrote in American Wife.
“If it is not tempered by compassion, and empathy, reason can lead men and women into a moral void,” Armstrong wrote in Twelve Steps to a Compassionate Life.
“The light of compassion opens the petals of the heart. When the petals of the heart unfold fragrance spreads across the valley,” Ray wrote in Nonviolence: The Transforming Power.
“Walk with me for a while, my friend—you in my shoes, I in yours—and then let us talk,” Goodrich wrote in Smile Anyway: Quotes, Verse, and Grumblings for Every Day of the Year.
“Love and compassion are the mother and father of a smile. We need to create more smiles in our world today. Smiles, after all, pave the way to a happy world,” Maraboli wrote in